Wind and wave climatology on the New England Shelf, May 1987-August 1988

Wave power spectra from four waverider buoys on the New England Shelf and wind velocity records from three of those buoys and a fixed platform were analyzed. The data span the period from May 1987 through August 1988. Time series plots of significant wave height, mean wave period and modal (peak) period and distribution histograms of significant wave height, mean frequency and modal frequency are presented for the two buoys nearest to Martha's Vineyard. Time series plots of wind speed and vector velocity and distribution histograms of speed and direction are plotted for one buoy and the platform. For all stations, monthly and seasonal mean and extreme values of significant wave height, mean and modal wave periods, wind speed and mean weighted and unweighted values of wind direction are provided in tabular form. Five and ten year extreme wave height predictions are also calculated.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contract Number N00014-86-K-0715 under the University Research Initiative Program

Development of a satellite SAR image spectra and altimeter wave height data assimilation system for ERS-1

The applicability of ERS-1 wind and wave data for wave models was studied using the WAM third generation wave model and SEASAT altimeter, scatterometer and SAR data. A series of global wave hindcasts is made for the surface stress and surface wind fields by assimilation of scatterometer data for the full 96-day SEASAT and also for two wind field analyses for shorter periods by assimilation with the higher resolution ECMWF T63 model and by subjective analysis methods. It is found that wave models respond very sensitively to inconsistencies in wind field analyses and therefore provide a valuable data validation tool. Comparisons between SEASAT SAR image spectra and theoretical SAR spectra derived from the hindcast wave spectra by Monte Carlo simulations yield good overall agreement for 32 cases representing a wide variety of wave conditions. It is concluded that SAR wave imaging is sufficiently well understood to apply SAR image spectra with confidence for wave studies if supported by realistic wave models and theoretical computations of the strongly nonlinear mapping of the wave spectrum into the SAR image spectrum. A closed nonlinear integral expression for this spectral mapping relation is derived which avoids the inherent statistical errors of Monte Carlo computations and may prove to be more efficient numerically

Introduction to High-Frequency Radar: Reality and Myth

The article of record as published may be found at https://www.jstor.org/stable/43924791Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help optimize sustainment logistics for US Army brigade combat teams, which may face challenges in transporting their assigned assets. Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops a simulation framework with an integrated integer programming optimization model. The integer-programming model optimizes sustainment outcomes of supported battalions on a daily basis, whereas the simulation framework analyzes risk associated with shortfalls that may arise over the entire duration of a conflict. Findings – This work presents a scenario reflecting the steady resupply of an infantry brigade combat team during combat operations and presents an in-depth risk analysis for possible fleet compositions. Originality/value – The risk curves obtained allow decision-makers and commanders to optimize vehicle fleet design in advance of a conflict.Office of Naval ResearchThe editors of this special issue on High Frequency Radar Remote Sensing gratefully acknowledge the continued support of the Office of Naval Research through grants N00014-91-J-1775 (HIRES), 92-J-1807 (REINAS), 94-1-1016 (DUCK94), 95-3-0022 (MRY BA Y), 96-1-1065 (COPE), and 97-1-0348 (SHOALING WAVES).The editors of this special issue on High Frequency Radar Remote Sensing gratefully acknowledge the continued support of the Office of Naval Research through grants N00014-91-J-1775 (HIRES), 92-J-1807 (REINAS), 94-1-1016 (DUCK94), 95-3-0022 (MRY BA Y), 96-1-1065 (COPE), and 97-1-0348 (SHOALING WAVES)

Potential periodontal regeneration by application of monoclonal antibodies against integrin-subunits a6 and b1

Successful guided tissue regeneration (GTR) should result in a functional attachment apparatus of the periodontium. The crucial points in the healing process are potential microbiological colonization of mechanical barrier membranes, lacking contact to the connective tissue and apical growth of the gingival epithelium. The membranes‘ success might be improved by equipping them with antibiotics, specific inhibitors for the epithelial growth and growth factors for periodontal ligament cells (PLC) or progenitor cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed to integrin subunits a6 and b1 were tested for their specificity to epithelial growth. In vitro assays were performed as direct and indirect contact by seeding the human HaCaT-cell-line and gingival fibroblasts.Peer Reviewe

The angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism alters the response of muscle energy supply lines to exercise

The presence of a silencing sequence (the I-allele) in the gene for the upstream regulator of blood flow, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), is associated with superior endurance performance and its trainability. We tested in a retrospective study with 36 Caucasian men of Swiss descent whether carriers of the ACE I-allele demonstrate a modified adaptive response of energy supply lines in knee extensor muscle, and aerobic fitness, to endurance training based on 6weeks of supervised bicycle exercise or 6months of self-regulated running (p value <Bonferroni-corrected 5%). Body weight related maximal oxygen uptake and capillary density in vastus lateralis muscle before training were 20 and 23% lower, respectively, in carriers of the I-allele. Bicycle (n=16) but not running type endurance training (n=19) increased the volume content of subsarcolemmal mitochondria (2.5-fold) and intramyocellular lipid (2.1-fold). This was specifically amplified in I-allele carriers after 6weeks of bicycle exercise. The enhanced adjustment in myocellular organelles of aerobic metabolism with bicycle training corresponded to ACE I-allele dependent upregulation of 23 muscle transcripts during recovery from the bicycle stimulus and with training. The majority of affected transcripts were associated with glucose (i.e. ALDOC, Glut2, LDHC) and lipid metabolism (i.e. ACADL, CPTI, CPTII, LIPE, LPL, FATP, CD36/FAT); all demonstrating an enhanced magnitude of change in carriers of the ACE I-allele. Our observations suggest that local improvements in mitochondrial metabolism, through a novel expression pathway, contribute to the varying trainability in endurance performance between subjects with genetically modified expression of the regulator of vascular tone, AC

Mapping Wind Direction with HF Radar

The article of record as published may be found at https://www.jstor.org/stable/43924806Office of Naval ResearchH.C. Graber acknowledges the sup- port by the Office of Naval Research through grant N00014-94-1-1016 (DUCK94)

Incidence of Atypical Femoral Fractures in Patients on Osteoporosis Therapy-A Registry-Based Cohort Study.

Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) have been reported in patients taking bisphosphonates (BPs) for osteoporosis therapy but also in patients with no exposure to these drugs. In contrast, less is known about the incidence of AFFs in patients taking denosumab. This registry-based cohort study analyzed the incidence of AFFs in patients with suspected or confirmed osteoporosis who were included in the osteoporosis register of the Swiss Society of Rheumatology between January 2015 and September 2019. Statistical analyses included incidence rates, rate ratios, and hazard ratios for AFFs, and considered sequential therapies and drug holidays as time-dependent covariates. Among the 9956 subjects in the cohort, 53 had subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures. Ten fractures occurred under BP or denosumab treatment and two under teriparatide therapy. Five fractures were classified as AFFs based on the revised American Society of Bone and Mineral Research case definition of AFFs from 2014. Three AFFs occurred in women being treated with denosumab at the time of diagnosis, all with prior BP use (10, 7, and 1 years, respectively). One AFF developed in a woman receiving ibandronate and one arose in a woman receiving glucocorticoids rather than antiresorptive therapy. The incidence of AFFs per 10,000 observed patient-years was 7.1 in patients receiving denosumab and 0.9 in patients with BP-associated AFFs, yielding a rate ratio of 7.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-413), p = 0.073. The risk of AFFs was not significantly higher in patients receiving denosumab therapy compared with BP therapy (hazard ratio = 7.07, 95% CI 0.74-68.01, p = 0.090). We conclude that the risk of AFFs is low in patients taking BPs, denosumab, or both sequentially. All three patients with AFFs under denosumab therapy had undergone prior BP therapy. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Comparison of anti-fracture effectiveness of zoledronate, ibandronate and alendronate versus denosumab in a registry-based cohort study.

UNLABELLED This registry-based study of 3068 patients with osteoporosis compared the anti-fracture effectiveness of denosumab versus bisphosphonates. Denosumab was associated with significantly greater risk reduction than alendronate or ibandronate for vertebral and any fractures. No difference in fracture risk reduction was found between zoledronate and denosumab. PURPOSE To analyse the fracture risk of patients with osteoporosis receiving bisphosphonates or denosumab in a real-world setting. METHODS This registry-based cohort study evaluated patients taking denosumab, bisphosphonates or both sequentially. Fractures were analysed using rates, rate ratios and hazard ratios (HR), including both therapies as time-varying co-variates. Fracture risk hazards were adjusted (aHR) for baseline T-Scores and trabecular bone score (TBS) and were additionally analysed with inverse probability treatment weighting. RESULTS A total of 3068 patients (89% female; median age at treatment onset, 69 years [63 to 76]) received denosumab (median duration 2.8 years, [2.2 to 4.7]), bisphosphonates (3.4 years, [2.1 to 5.7]) or both sequentially. Thus, 11,078 subject-years were assessed for bisphosphonates (41% alendronate, 36% ibandronate, 23% zoledronate) and 4216 for denosumab. Moreover, 48,375 subject-years were observed before treatment onset, in addition to 2593 years of drug holidays. A total of 1481 vertebral fractures (435 under therapy), 1508 non-vertebral fractures (499 under therapy) and 202 hip fractures (67 under therapy) occurred after age 50. The risks of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures were significantly lower under all bisphosphonates, denosumab and drug holidays than before treatment onset (all p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, baseline T-scores and TBS, denosumab was associated with lower risk than alendronate or ibandronate for vertebral fractures (aHR 0.47 (0.35 to 0.64) and 0.70 [0.53 to 0.91], p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively) and any fractures (aHR 0.62 [0.51 to 0.76] and 0.77 [0.64 to 0.92], p < 0.001 and p = 0.004). With propensity weighting, denosumab was associated with a lower hip fracture risk compared to alendronate (HR 0.54 [0.29 to 0.98], p = 0.044). No difference in fracture risk reduction (vertebral, non-vertebral or hip) was found between zoledronate and denosumab. CONCLUSIONS When adjusting for disease severity, denosumab was associated with significantly greater risk reduction than alendronate and ibandronate for vertebral fractures. No difference in fracture risk reduction was found between zoledronate and denosumab